The Bank of England noted in its 1999 paper, 'Finance for Small Firms', that the vast majority of small firms are now financed through internal finance. However, when people think about raising money their first port of call is generally the bank. In fact, approximately between 60% and 70% of small businesses call on their local bank to borrow a sum of money to see them to the next stage of growth or to get the company up and running.This is the most typical form of debt financing. The loan typically has to be repaid at an agreed interest rate and within a specified period of time. The interest rate can either be floating or fixed rate.
Typically the loan is secured against an asset. This means that if the business fails to repay the loan, the lender has the right to claim the asset. An asset could be a house or other premises or some equipment owned by the business. As the loan is secured, the cost is usually less than other more risky types of borrowing. However, a bank loan also locks companies into a payment schedule that may cause problems for small businesses.
You will have to be able to show how the money will be repaid and are likely to have to provide some kind of security for a loan or overdraft. If you are unwilling to put personal assets on the line, the bank is unlikely to lend you money.
The straitjacket of making a set payment at what may be a fixed interest rate can also cause a lot of problems for fast-growing companies that consume capital very fast.
For these reasons, loans are more suited to tried and tested business models that offer good prospects for profitability.
Debt finance can also take the form of an overdraft. This is generally linked to working cashflow rather than capital expenditure. It is repayable on demand and exceeding the limits can be expensive.
Now banks are increasingly offering term loans to small businesses as an alternative to using an overdraft facility. In particular, it allows the banks to impose a regular repayment schedule over a fixed period of time and to see the amount of credit gradually reducing.
